EV winter range by car
Range at 32 F from US fleet data. Norwegian tests shown separately.
2026 Tesla Model 3, RWD, 32 F
260 miles at freezing
- EPA range
- 321 miles
- Kept at 32 F
- 81%
- At 20 F
- 234 miles
- 73% kept
- Average EV
- 78%
- At 32 F
Range by trim
Source marks: two or more sources agree
| Trim | EPA range | Range at 32 F | Loss, miles |
|---|---|---|---|
| RWD | 321 mi | 260 | 61 |
| Premium RWD | 363 mi | 294 | 69 |
| Premium AWD | 346 mi | 280 | 66 |
| Performance AWD | 309 mi | 250 | 59 |
Recurrent Auto, 2025-11-19: retention is a share of the range seen in mild weather. Applied here to the EPA range.
Range kept at 32 F (Recurrent Auto)
US data. Average EV: 78% at 32 F, 70% at 20 F.
| Model | At 32 F | At 20 F | Model years | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tesla Cybertruck | 88% | 84% | all years | |
| Tesla Model S | 87% | 82% | all years | |
| Tesla Model X | 86% | 81% | all years | |
| Rivian R1S | 83% | 76% | all years | |
| Tesla Model 3 | 81% | 73% | all years | |
| Tesla Model Y | 81% | 73% | all years | |
| Ford F-150 Lightning | 80% | 73% | all years | |
| Kia Niro EV | 80% | 72% | all years | |
| Audi e-tron | 79% | 72% | all years | |
| BMW iX | 79% | 71% | all years | |
| Hyundai Ioniq 6 | 79% | 72% | all years | |
| Nissan Leaf | 79% | 72% | all years | |
| Audi Q8 e-tron | 78% | 69% | all years | |
| BMW i4 | 78% | 70% | all years | Read from a chart |
| Hyundai Ioniq 5 | 78% | 70% | all years | Read from a chart |
| Hyundai Ioniq Electric | 78% | 70% | all years | |
| Jaguar I-Pace | 78% | 69% | all years | |
| Kia EV6 | 78% | 70% | all years | |
| Mini Hardtop 2 Door | 78% | 68% | all years | |
| Ford Mustang Mach-E | 77% | 69% | all years | |
| Kia EV9 | 77% | 68% | all years | |
| Nissan Ariya | 77% | 69% | all years | |
| Rivian R1T | 77% | 69% | all years | |
| Audi e-tron Sportback | 76% | 68% | all years | |
| Hyundai Kona Electric | 76% | 68% | all years | |
| Volkswagen e-Golf | 76% | 67% | all years | |
| Cadillac Lyriq | 75% | 66% | all years | |
| Volkswagen ID.4 | 75% | 66% | all years | |
| Chevrolet Bolt EV/EUV | 74% | 65% | pre-2025 | |
| BMW i3 | 73% | 63% | all years | |
| Chevrolet Equinox EV | 73% | 63% | all years | |
| Chevrolet Blazer EV | 69% | 57% | all years |
Norwegian winter test (NAF, WLTP basis)
Range is a share of the WLTP rating, not EPA. Do not compare with the US figures above.
| Car | Kept | Temperatures | Published |
|---|---|---|---|
| All cars tested (average) | 80.6% | 21 to 46 F | 2025-01-21 |
| Polestar 3 | 95.9% | 21 to 46 F | 2025-01-21 |
| BYD Tang | 90.4% | 21 to 46 F | 2025-01-21 |
| Mini Countryman | 89.6% | 21 to 46 F | 2025-01-21 |
| Tesla Model 3 | 76.4% | 21 to 46 F | 2025-01-21 |
| Voyah Dream | 70.5% | 21 to 46 F | 2025-01-21 |
| Peugeot E-3008 | 71.4% | 21 to 46 F | 2025-01-21 |
| Peugeot E-5008 | 72.3% | 21 to 46 F | 2025-01-21 |
| All cars tested (average) | 62.0% | -26 to 10 F | 2026-01-28 |
| Lucid Air | 54.0% | -26 to 10 F | 2026-01-28 |
| Skoda Elroq | 59.0% | -26 to 10 F | 2026-01-28 |
| Changan Deepal S05 | 66.0% | -26 to 10 F | 2026-01-28 |
| Voyah Courage | 68.0% | -26 to 10 F | 2026-01-28 |
| Suzuki eVitara | 56.7% | -26 to 10 F | 2026-01-28 |
| KGM Musso | 69.0% | -26 to 10 F | 2026-01-28 |
| Hyundai Inster | 71.0% | -26 to 10 F | 2026-01-28 |
| Mercedes-Benz CLA | 59.4% (computed) | -26 to 10 F | 2026-01-28 |
| BMW iX | 60.5% (computed) | -26 to 10 F | 2026-01-28 |
| Tesla Model Y | 64.7% (computed) | -26 to 10 F | 2026-01-28 |
| Xpeng X9 | 64.5% (computed) | -26 to 10 F | 2026-01-28 |
| Volkswagen ID. Buzz | 61.7% (computed) | -26 to 10 F | 2026-01-28 |
NAF El Prix winter test 2025 (Norway). FDM live blog of NAF El Prix winter test 2026 (Norway).
What this cannot tell you
Real-world averages. Heat pump, speed and preconditioning change the result.
Chart-read figures can be off by a point.
- Two or more sources agree
- One source
- Model-level or estimate
- Sources differ
Winter retention: Recurrent Auto, Best EV for Winter & Cold Weather Range. Source page. Range: the car data above.
Hybrid, EV and AWD: more tools
- Is the hybrid worth it?Payback years, price gap, mpg gap, power and value kept.
- Is AWD worth it?AWD price gap, mpg penalty and 6-year cost, by trim.
- Which car costs less to own a year?Fuel, value loss, upkeep and insurance a year, all in.
- What does it cost to charge an EV?Full charge at home, per 100 miles and per month. By state.
- How long does an EV take to charge?Empty to full at home, plus 20-80% and DC fast times.
- How often would I have to charge it?Charging days per month as a calendar.